Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of an experimental paste associated with ozonized oil

Abstract

Background: Apexification is a key treatment for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. Objective: This study’s objective was to characterize, analyze, and conduct an initial evaluation of a novel filling material composed of calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, and ozonized sunflower oil. Material and Methods: Four experimental formulations were prepared: (1) calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, ozonized oil; (2) calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, ozonized oil; (3) calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, non-ozonized oil; and (4) calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, non-ozonized oil. Physicochemical properties were assessed through pH dynamic over time (1–720 hours), material flow (ISO 6876/2012), radiopacity (aluminum equivalence), and SEM/EDS analysis. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested using agar diffusion and direct contact methods against Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results: All groups exhibited sustained alkaline pH levels; groups containing ozonized oil showed notably higher flow rates than those with non-ozonized oil (p < 0.0001). Radiopacity surpassed ISO requirements across all formulations (p = 0.0441). No inhibition halos were observed in agar diffusion tests; however, direct contact tests demonstrated extended antimicrobial activity for up to 48 hours in groups with ozonized oil compared to 24 hours for non-ozonized groups. SEM/EDS analysis revealed calcium as the predominant element in the material and at the dentin interface, with reduced calcium content observed after 30 days. Conclusion: These findings indicate that this novel paste may represent a viable alternative for apexification in traumatized immature teeth.

KEYWORDS

Antimicrobial activity; Calcium hydroxide; Dental trauma; Paste; Physicochemical properties.